Greek Mythology to Rational Pre-Socratic Philosophy

This is meant as a general introduction to Pre-Socratic philosophy. Specifically, you should see how Pre-Socratic philosophy emerged as a new way to explain the world anddiffered dramatically from what came before. There are various Greek myths to explain the origins of the universe and of man. Three generations of immortal creatures vied for power. The first were personifications of such things as Earth and Sky, whose mating produced land, mountains, and seas. One Greek mythological concept of man tells of an earlier, happier time -- a Greek Garden of Eden What Came Before? Mythology ... which didnt die just because alternatives showed up. Like Pre-Socratic philosophy would soon do, mythology also explained the world, but it provided supernatural explanations for the universe and creation. The basic theme of mythology is that the visible world is supported and sustained by an invisible world. - Joseph Campbell Playing the Human World as if a Giant Chessboard Okay. You caught me. There is an old movie from the 70s on a topic from Greek mythology that shows the gods and goddesses playing with the lives of the mortal heroes and damsels in distress as actual pawns on a cosmic chessboard, but the image works. Hollywood aside, some Greeks thought unseen gods manipulated the world from their perches on Mt. Olympus. One god(dess) was responsible for grain, another for the seas, another for the olive, etc. Mythology made guesses about important things that people wanted to, but couldnt see. Early philosophers also made guesses about this unseen universe. The Change to Philosophy: The early Greek, Pre-Socratic philosophers attempted to explain the world around them in more natural terms than those who relied on mythological explanations that divided the labor among human-looking (anthropomorphic) gods. For example, instead of anthropomorphic creator gods, the Pre-Socratic philosopher Anaxagoras thought nous mind controlled the universe. Is That Really Philosophy? Philosophy Science (Physics) Such an explanation doesnt sound much like what we think of as philosophy, let alone science, but the Pre-Socratics were early philosophers, sometimes indistinguishable from natural scientists. This is an important point: philosophy and science/physics werent separate academic disciplines. Philosophy Ethics and the Good Life Later, philosophers turned to other topics, like ethics and how to live, but they didnt give up on their speculation about nature. Even at the end of the Roman Republic, it would be fair to characterize ancient philosophy as both ethics and physics [Roman Women, by Gillian Clark; Greece Rome, (Oct. 1981)]. Periods of Greek Philosophy The Greeks dominated philosophy for about a millennium, from before c. 500 B.C. to A.D. 500. Jonathan Barnes, in Early Greek Philosophy, divides the millennium into three parts: The Pre-Socratics.The period is known for its schools, the Academy, Lyceum, Epicureans, Stoics, and Skeptics.The period of syncretism begins approximately 100 B.C. and ends in A.D. 529 when the Byzantine Roman Emperor Justinian forbade the teaching of pagan philosophy. There are other ways to divide the Greek philosophers. The About.com Guide to Philosophy says there were 5 Great Schools - The Platonic, Aristotelian, Stoic, Epicurean, and Skeptic. Here were following Barnes and talking about those who came before Plato and Aristotle, the Stoics, Epicureans, and Skeptics. The First Philosophical Solar Eclipse This, Barnes first period, begins with Thales alleged prediction of a solar eclipse in 585 B.C. and ends in 400 B.C. Philosophers of this period are called Pre-Socratic, somewhat misleadingly, since Socrates was a contemporary. Some argue that the term philosophy inaccurately limits the sphere of interest of the so-called Pre-Socratic philosophers. Is Students of Nature a Better Term? Students of nature, the Pre-Socratics are credited with inventing philosophy, but they didnt work in a vacuum. For instance, knowledge of the eclipse -- if not apocryphal -- may have come from contact with Babylonian astronomers. The early philosophers shared with their predecessors, the mythographers, an interest in the cosmos. Where Does Stuff Come From? Parmenides was a philosopher from Elea (west of mainland Greece, in Magna Graecia) who probably was an older contemporary of the young Socrates. He says that nothing comes into being because then it would have come from nothing. Everything that is must always have been. Myth Writers vs the Pre-Socratic Philosophers: Myths are stories about persons.Pre-Socratics looked for principles or other natural explanations. Myths allow a multiplicity of explanations.Pre-Socratics were looking for the single principle behind the cosmos. Myths are conservative, slow to change.To read what they wrote, you might think the aim of the Pre-Socratics was to knock down earlier theory.Myths are self-justifying.Myths are morally ambivalent.-From The Attributes of Mythic/Mythopoeic Thought Philosophers sought a rational order observable in the natural phenomena, where mythographers relied on the supernatural. Pre-Socratics Denied a Distinction Between Natural Supernatural: When the Pre-Socratic philosopher Thales (of eclipse fame) said all things are full of gods, he wasnt so much singing the swan song of mythographers or rationalizing myth. No, he was breaking new ground by, in Michael Grants words, ... implicitly denying that any distinction between natural and supernatural could be legitimately envisaged. The most significant contributions of the Pre-Socratics were their rational, scientific approach and belief in a naturally ordered world. After the Pre-Socratics: Aristotle and So Forth: With the philosopher Aristotle, who valued evidence and observation, the distinction between philosophy and empirical science began to appear.Following the death of Alexander the Great (a student of Aristotles), the kings who divvied up and ruled his empire began to subsidize scholars working in areas, like medicine, that would do them some good.At the same time, the philosophical schools of the Stoics, Cynics, and Epicureans, that were not interested in empirical science, took hold.Michael Grant attributes the separation of science and philosophy to Strato of Lampsacus (successor of Aristotles successor, Theophrastus), who shifted the focus of the Lyceum from logic to experiment. Pre-Socratics May Have Been Rational But They Couldnt Possibly All Be Right: As Barnes points out, just because the Pre-Socratics were rational, and presented supportive arguments, doesnt mean they were right. They couldnt possibly all be right, anyway, since much of their writing consists in pointing out inconsistencies of their predecessors paradigms. Sources: Jonathan Barnes, Early Greek PhilosophyMichael Grant, The Rise of the GreeksMichael Grant, The Classical GreeksG.S. Kirk and J.E. Raven, The Presocratic PhilosophersJ.V. Luce, Introduction to Greek PhilosophyThe Attributes of Mythopoeic Thought​ Related Resources: Presocratic PhilosophyPythagoras of SamosEpicureansStoics

Business plan evaluation Essay - 726 Words

Adorable Pet Photography MGT/401 Introduction Adorable Pet Photography (APP) is a sole proprietorship company that promises to capture memorable pet pictures for their clients. I have chosen APP from the Business Plan Pro software’s sample database to consider it for investment purposes. The following evaluation will explain my intent to invest in APP based on the overall writing of the business plan, feasibility of the plan, and the competencies needed by the entrepreneur to be successful. Writing Evaluation Adorable Pet Photography’s business plan is overall well written. The entrepreneur has adequately portrayed the company’s goals, how he intends to meet those goals, qualifications, and assets. The plan is†¦show more content†¦The business plan states APP will be a part time business at first until it grows a large enough client base to fund a full time effort. It also claims that it will provide consistent quality products at a competitive price with an emphasis on customer satisfaction and flexible hours. Though there are many positive points to consider when assessing the feasibility of APP, there are a few concerns too. I would like more information on how APP plans to offer flexible hours to clients while at the part-time capacity. If the part-time schedule of APP is to accommodate another job or income source, I would like an explanation of how the two schedules will not interfere. Another concern to address is plans and funding for futu re equipment. The owner states that he owns all of his own equipment but photography technology changes quickly. Does he intend to keep up with the latest equipment to meet the expectations of his clients? Where will the funding for new equipment come from and how often does he plan to upgrade? Will he be replacing cameras and other hardware? What about photo editing software and the computers to run them on? Overall I find Adorable Pet Photography’s business plan and goals to be feasible. There are a few follow up questions and concerns, but a meeting with the owner should clear those up. Conclusion Adorable Pet Photography has done a good job with their business plan. It isShow MoreRelatedBusiness Plan Evaluation3487 Words   |  14 PagesBusiness Plan Evaluation: Zara Restaurant Lounge (Revision) After completing my first evaluation of Zara’s business plan I could not help but feel that I had missed something in my analysis. It was over the next week that I realized that I had failed to thoroughly evaluate the plan. At a glance, I thought the Zara concept was intriguing and as a bonus, aligned with my own dream to open a restaurant. I wanted to believe in the plan so much that I missed its weaknesses. 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Capstone Analysis Free Essays

Cybercafà © Is defined as any crime that Is conducted Vela the Internet or another computer network. When It comes to cybercafà © It Is very easy for someone to fall volt to It. We use computers for everything: searching the Internet, shopping. We will write a custom essay sample on Capstone Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Accessing our bank accounts, email, and online gaming are some examples. Communication is faster and much more reliable than in the past which has allowed more to be accomplished in any given day. The problem is just like anything else: vulnerability. There are individuals that hack into computers as well as networks of businesses and government agencies. The problem is that sensitive data can be stolen and/or destroyed. There needs to be more focus on the security of computers and the internet. Regular stories featured in the media on computer crime include topics covering hacking to viruses, web hackers, to internet pedophilia, sometimes accurately portraying events, sometimes misconceiving the role of technology in such activities. The increase in cybercafà © has been documented in the news media. Both the increase in the incidence of criminal activity and the possible emergence of new varieties of criminal activity pose challenges for the legal system, as well as for law enforcement. Some of the things I do to try and prevent falling victim to cybercafà © is keeping the latest version of virus software on my computers. Using strong passwords that only my family knows. I do not fall prey to online offers of things like ere TV’s, or you have won $1,000. In general, I feel that in this day and age you really need to be aware of your surrounding and that also includes the cyber world. By Sabina-Fazing Cybercafà © is defined as any crime that is conducted via the Internet or another computer network. When it comes to cybercafà © it is very easy for someone to fall victim to it. We use computers for everything; searching the internet, shopping, more to be accomplished in any given day. The problem is Just like anything else; How to cite Capstone Analysis, Papers

Rounds Transformational Leadership Approach -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Rounds Transformational Leadership Approach? Answer: Introduction I believe transformational servant its focus on the organization and then follower commitment is driven from leaders character. At the same time, you may find that transformational servant leadership ranks organization objectives below followers. In my view, operations objectives is rated as subordinate outcome (Muthia Krishnan, 2015). Transformational servant work with or against organization mandates This style work with organizational mandate because it shapes people to be the best. In my opinion, this is contributed by relationships built and means of communication to all those held responsible for that organization. The style of leadership creates people to something better. Consequently, the leadership copes well with mandates of the organization. However, I criticize the leadership type to work with organization mandates. This is because, transformational servant leadership cannot fit all challenges of the organization (Muthia Krishnan, 2015). Therefore, sometimes failures in relation to company objectives might occur since the leadership wont address all problems. In terms of compatibility, yes I support they are compatible. Reason is because they offer framework which is conceptual for leadership which is dynamic (Manss, 2017). Role of transformational servant leadership in building Chinese culture This style of leadership has led to building of culture in many countries. My area of concern based on this is about the Chinese culture. For example, link between Chinese context voice behavior and servant leadership. Through this linkage, people will be motivated to join voice behavior (Manss, 2017). Followers respond by offering advice and suggestions. Therefore, through this suggestions and views from followers, culture will be built since people are free to hire their grievances (Muthia Krishnan, 2015). How to influence other departments to implement transformational servant leadership In order to influence any department for strategic change, the firms culture must be aligned. To implement this successfully is hard task. However, people might change their behavior from their role models (Normore Erbe, 2013). If the behavior of the role models has positive impacts and its appreciated through rewards, then they will change their responsibilities. (Manss, 2017). In influencing firms or organizations, personally have tried. This happened through complying with different cultures and management them. I interacted with people in different key jobs, those receiving positive feedbacks from their performances, and what affects people as they do they work in different places within the department (Normore Erbe, 2013). Through this I was able to make them extract some skills and knowledge from me which was essential in implementing. Impact of implementing transformational servant leadership I have seen many implications brought about by transformational servant leadership. For example change, achievement, team building and satisfaction. Transformational servant leader assists every member to contribute in relation to unique skills they posse. Team will be united and hence achievement is promised since everyone works to their best ability. Among the firms have come across with, if they put in practice this style then vision is established. In line with members viewpoints, goals and mission of the firm is determined. When everyone views are considered, satisfaction of employees is guaranteed. Workers satisfaction leads to improvement because their needs are valued. (Normore Erbe, 2013). Conclusion In my conclusion, finance should implement this style of leadership. This is because transformational leadership has many advantage like giving employees freedom to make decisions an act which will contribute to success and fulfillment of the mandates. References Manss, G. (2017). Implementation of Daily Senior Leader Rounds Using a Transformational Leadership Approach. nursing Leader,15(1), 65-69. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2016.08.012 Muthia, A., Krishnan, V. (2015). Servant Leadership and Commitment: Role of Transformational Leadership.International Journal on Leadership,3(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.21863/ijl/2015.3.1.002 Normore, A., Erbe, N. (2013).Collective efficacy. Bingley, business-law.: Emerald

Family Conflict And Triangulation Analysis Social Work Essay Essay Example

Family Conflict And Triangulation Analysis Social Work Essay Paper The intent of this article is to exemplify the importance of boundary puting during parental struggle. Often kids are incorporated both voluntarily and involuntarily in dyadic confrontations that involve the parents. This research shows the long term and short term effects on both the parent and kid psychologically and physiologically. Boundary scene is of import for the growing, development and current care of a household. Involving kids in statements is non merely damaging to the parents marital relationship, but besides damaging to the parent-child relationship. This paper illustrates cause and consequence effects of triangulation. Family Conflict and Triangulation Familial struggle is inevitable. A battalion of quantitative and qualitative information has been accumulated in order to better familial relationships. Numerous surveies and concentrate groups spotlighted striplings and their parents to happen more informations on triangulation and its negative effects on households. Harmonizing to Franck and Buehler ( 2007 ) , a triangulation survey was conducted on 506 teens and their female parents. The survey focused on struggle belongingss, cognitive assessments of menace and incrimination, emotional insecurity, and triangulation to find the possibility of a direct relationship between adolescent behaviour jobs, matrimonial hurt, and maternal depression ( Franck and Buehler 2007 ) . After thorough research, it was found that matrimonial ill will and hurt were associated with adolescent behavioural jobs and familial stressors ( Franck A ; Buehler 2007 ) . This paper will concentrate on parental and child triangulation and its consequence on bot h the stripling and the grownup. We will write a custom essay sample on Family Conflict And Triangulation Analysis Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Family Conflict And Triangulation Analysis Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Family Conflict And Triangulation Analysis Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Triangulation can be defined in a battalion of ways. Some may utilize the term mathematically, while others use it psychologically. Fosco and Grych ( 2008 ) loosely described the psychological term for triangulation as the engagement of a 3rd individual in a dyadic struggle. Triangulation is non possible with two people ; it has to affect at least three people triangulate the conversation and guarantee one or more of the parties agrees with his or her sentiment. Buehler and Welsh ( 2009 ) stated that triangulation occurs when two people in a household conveying a 3rd party to fade out emphasis, anxiousness or tenseness that exists between them. Often feuding parents might affect their kids in the struggle to gang up on the other parent. A more in-depth definition that better depict the mark group focused on in this paper illustrates a household and child triangulation as kids s direct engagement in parental dissensions and their subjective sense of experiencing caught in the cent er ( Fosco and Grych, 2008 ) . Due to ignorance, some parents may be incognizant that they are involved in triangulation. Some statements a kid might state if he or she is involved in a triangulation state of affairs are My parents make me experience caught in the center when they argue my ma ever asks if I notice how my pa starts the battles ma and pa ever inquire me inquiries when they are in the center of an statement after an statement with ma, pa ever comes to me and explains his point of position I hate it when ma and pa involve and inquire me inquiries when they are reasoning . Parents should be more aware of by chance or intentionally affecting kids in matrimonial differences because it can be damaging to the kid. Attempts to better understand the impact of interparental dissensions on kids have identified a figure of factors that may evade to the fact that exposure to continual hostile and ill resolved struggle can do accommodation jobs. ( Fosco and Grych 2008 ) . Behavior issues may go more frequent when boundaries are non set between parental statements and kids. Harmonizing to Fosco and Grych ( 2008 ) , assessments reflect kids s sentiments on parental struggle. Parental struggle can be damaging to the kid s wellbeing or the operation of the household unit ; hence, the kid may keep himself or herself responsible and believe that the dissension was caused by his or her behavior. Parents who involve kids in matrimonial confrontations fail to recognize how damaging engagement can be to their kid. Specifically, assessments of menace and self-blame, emotional responsiveness and hurt, and triangulation into parental disagreements each have been made known to play a cardinal function in the relat ionship affecting parental strife and kid maladjustment, thereby doing the kid feel responsible for stoping or deciding the struggle. ( Fosco and Grych 2008 ) . The effects of parental triangulation on the kid can do long term harm. Harmonizing to Buehler and Welsh ( 2009 ) Parental struggle and tenseness are proposed to bring on emotional rousing in kids, triping emotional and physiological responses. Involving kids in statements can be both mentally and physically wash uping for the kid. Families that show forms of triangulation have emotional, and physiological, responses that tend to hold trouble distinguishing when non to turn off than in households with better boundary care ( Buehler and Welsh 2009 ) . Often parents will include the kid in statements coercing the kid to take a side. Franck and Buehler focused on triangulation that occurs when parents bring a kid into an statement by utilizing the kid as a courier or buffer between the parents ; as a confidante or counsellor about issues with the other parent, the kid is forced to ally against the other parent during matrimonial differences. By leting kids to acquire involved in dom estic differences, non merely is the kid negatively affected, but the engagement is besides damaging to the matrimony. Triangulation amplifies adolescences hazard for riotous behaviour because this procedure impedes with legion prospective schemes that have been found to screen young persons from the possible harmful effects of matrimonial ill will ( Franck and Buehler 2007 ) . Research shows that repeated exposure to parental struggle can impact a kid s experience, look and control of emotion ( Fosco and Grych 2008 ) . Children subjected to changeless triangulation can see major emotional trials as good. It was found through trauma theories that repeating exposure to affectively upseting events undermines a kid s ability to modulate his or her emotions ( Fosco and Grych 2008 ) . When a kid is unable to modulate his or her emotions it becomes hard for them to keep control. With this information, it can be concluded that a kid from an argumentative household may expose a greater sensitiveness to his or her parent s struggles ( Fosco and Grych 2008 ) . Children who are exposed to disruptive relationships and changeless triangulation by parents are non as exhaustively researched as other subjects that have been researched that involve household struggle. Beuhler and Welsh ( 2009 ) stated Triangulation into parents differences has received much less empirical attending than has verbal and physical interparental aggression ; nevertheless, some grounds exists that triangulation topographic points youth at hazard for accommodation jobs, peculiarly internalising jobs such as anxiousness, depressive symptoms, and societal backdown ( 2009 ) . Triangulation does non merely happen during an statement between parents with a child nowadays. It besides occurs long term when a kid is made a confidante. Franck and Buehler ( 2007 ) found that when parents get upset they have a inclination to convey kids into the statement by doing them couriers between the parents. Triangulation can be caused by a figure of different grounds. Martial struggle and depression have been named to be some of the chief grounds triangulation occurs. Parents involved in domestic differences have a inclination to desire a informant to formalize their statement. Counselors, friends, household members, and kids have been known to acquire pulled in to the difference. Scholars found informations turn outing that parents that involve people in their domestic differences may be depressed ( Frank and Beuhler 2007 ) . Parents feel validated when loved 1s and friends side with them in the domestic difference. Frank and Beuhler ( 2007 ) , searched even deeper and found that a female parent s depression is more closely related to internalising riotous behaviours in kids than male parents. Frank and Beuhler ( 2007 ) felt that a male parent s depression is more closely related to hapless cognitive operation in his kids than internalising job behaviours. Surveies show that triangulation affects both the parent and the kid s relationships in a negative manner. One of the mechanisms by which matrimonial struggle becomes a hazard factor is the triangulation of the kid or stripling into parental differences such that young person experience caught in the center and lacerate between divided truenesss ( Buehler and Welsh 2009 ) . During an statement, parents feel that their point is more validated if the kid agrees with them. Unfortunately, the long term affects of adolescent avowal during parental affraies are damaging to the matrimonial relationship. Although their engagement in a parental dissension may be effectual in debaring attending from jobs in the matrimony, it may escalate the impact of parental struggle on kids s operation by doing them the mark of parental choler or interrupting their relationship with one or both parents ( Fosco and Grych 2008 ) . Studies show that it is pertinent that the kids be left out of parental st ruggle. It is clear that triangulation of striplings besides is harmful to striplings in married households. Therefore, clinicians and others who work with households need to help parents with maintaining matrimonial jobs within the soldierly couple. Adolescent kids need to be left out or blocked from parents matrimonial issues ; Parents need to better their ability to get by with and manage the anxiousness associated with soldierly struggle in ways that do non affect their kids ( Buehler and Welsh 2009 ) . In add-on to interrupting matrimonial stableness, triangulation can do long term issues in the growing and development of the household. Fosco and Grych ( 2008 ) stated that when kids perceive struggle as a menace to themselves or the household, they tend to worry about the stableness of the household relationship. Runing a household requires order, with no stableness, there is no foundation ; and with no foundation it tends to be less order. Parents should take by illustration when learning kids. Often kids mimic their parents and learn from observations. Parents who often resort to triangulation as a agency of pull offing their differences may be less prone to instruction or patterning adaptative struggle declaration to their kids ( Fosco And Grych 2008 ) . Avoiding the engagement of kids can be really hard for some parents. Not merely does triangulation temporarily diffuse matrimonial statements, but it can besides touch to the exoneration or proof of a parents actions. Fosco and Grych ( 2008 ) found information turn outing that triangulation could determine the impact of parental strife in kids. When the kid feels caught in the center and observes that the attending of the statement is deflected from the parents and reverted to them, they may do a wont of affecting themselves and matrimonial differences. If riotous behaviour is effectual at deflecting attending from matrimonial jobs, kids may develop more stable forms of moving out in nerve-racking fortunes. Triangulation can happen both consciously and subconsciously. Unfortunately, if in the familial scene boundaries are non in topographic point, damaging reverberations can happen. Triangulation can happen in many different signifiers. Whether it includes the parent and kid, grandparent and grandchild or siblings and parent, an unconstructive result is about inevitable. The demand to desire to be right and get support is human nature and apprehensible. However, when you engage kids in disruptive relationships and set them in the center of affraies, serious reverberations may happen for the kid and grownup. Rather than affecting relations and friends in struggle, it is of import that households seek out reding to procure the growing and stableness of the household construction. Therapists can use a figure of different techniques and or attacks to assist households partaking in triangulation. Due to the difference of upbringing, societal, cultural, and economic degrees, it is best that the counsellor incorporate an integrative attack to households who are involved in a triangulation struggle. An integrative attack incorporates all of all the attacks. It allows the healer to use the best adjustment attack for the client to obtain optimum consequences. Conflict is inevitable and felt to be manifest, but if familial struggle involves triangulation it is certain to stop unconstructively.

Depression and Improper Treatment essays

Depression and Improper Treatment essays Many advances have been made in the healthcare field towards recognizing mental disorders as real and serious conditions. In times past, a mentally unstable person may have been thought to be possessed by demons in extreme cases, or considered to just be a lazy or bad person in more moderate circumstances. While many ignorant people still hold the opinion that people who are depressed should "just get over it" and that people can always choose to stop feeling sad or upset if they simply chose to do so, medical professionals have worked to make it more commonly understood that depression, like many mental disorders, may actually be caused by physical factors such as chemical imbalances. This is a very positive change and incredibly welcomed decision by those who suffer from depression, who can finally find help from professionals without being judged harshly. Many avenues are available to assist in the treatment of individuals suffering from clinical depression today, including many forms of therapy, as well as medications that can help to correct the physical malfunctions that cause chemical and hormonal imbalances. Unfortunately, while many health professionals use discretion when prescribing treatments for depression, others are careless and will make recommendations to trusting patients that may cause more harm than good. The nature of our fast-paced society has lead to the over-prescribing of anti-depressant medication without proper consideration and supervision for the patient, which has serious consequences for the individual and society as a whole. While there are many valid circumstances in which antidepressants can be properly used, these cases are not the majority among those who are actually using antidepressant medication. Today's society is fast-paced and impatient. "Instant," "Easy," and "Fast" are catch words used by advertisers to appeal to the atte...

The Manager as a Critical Thinker Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Manager as a Critical Thinker - Case Study Example By doing so, author aims to broaden the level of critical thinking as well as communication skills. There is one basic issue which is being discussed in this memo which is basically the outsourcing of the information systems of the State's department of transport. Apart from the main issue, other issues which are discussed include lowering wages, jobs lost by the workers, giving access of information systems to third parties, as well as supporting in next elections if the idea of outsourcing the existing systems is opposed at the appropriate level. While concluding, Glenn, Barbara, outlined that the proposal for outsourcing is not only against the interests of the current employees, but it is also against the State and shall be abandoned in order to save the jobs of many who may be rendered jobless due to relocation of their jobs as well as of their job skills may become obsolete. There are different reasons which are being cited as potential harms of the process of privatizing the information systems. While discussing such impacts, memo discusses following reasons for opposing the move by Governor to outsource the Information systems: 3. By dispersing employees to new locations for jobs, not only their skills will become inferior, but they may find it difficult to cope with the change. Such employees who are nearing their superannuation may find it extremely difficult to learn new skills therefore may be shown the door due to lack of skills and competencies. 4. The proposed outsourcing of the job therefore would result into the job losses for many of the employees as it has historically been witnessed that management hardly keep its promises. What words or phrases are ambiguous The memo contains following ambiguous words and phrases: 1. To outsource and privatize: Outsourcing is not privatization. It seems that the author of the memo failed to clearly distinguish between the two concepts. 2. Executive branch of government: It is ambiguous as to how those employees who are working in a purely technical job can work at an executive branch of the government. From this perspective, it may be inferred that the government may finally lay them off. 3. Proposed privatization is an assault on our union: Again this seems to be a misconception as unions successfully exist into private organizations also. 4. Anti-American: The assumption that outsourcing or privatization is anti-American may be ambiguous because America is probably the only country in the world which strongly advocates free market economies. 5. Foreign agents will bid for this privatization contract: It is not necessary that outsourcing process can only be given to foreign contractors. Local contractors can too offer such services. 6. According to the online website Wikipedia: Wikipedia may not be considered as a reliable source of information. 7. You rebut the governor's proposal: The phrase may be indicating a partial and biased opinion of author towards Governor. What are the value conflicts and

Environmental Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Environmental Ethics - Essay Example ( McCann, 2003). Today, many feminist supports that our environment is apparently a feminist issue. This philosophy has been really popular and many relate the ethics of the environment to feminism and have their contradictions over the patriarchal issue and the biases as well as the dominance that comes in hand with the situation. One needs to understand in depth the basis of this philosophy. "A feminist uses gender analysis as the starting point; gender is the lens through which the initial description and analysis occur." (Warren, 2000) Similarly like feminism many forms of ecofeminism prevail. Ecofeminism is basically a name given to various feminist practices and philosophical ideas. These various approaches not only represent feminism but also how different forces of nature play and how they can overcome environmental concerns. Some examples of different perspective are: liberal, Marxist, black etc. Therefore various environmental philosophical positions that accepts feminine issues and support feminism are generally referred to as ecofeminist positions. "Views which uncritically embrace unified or one stance views of feminine sides of gender dichotomies are not feminist; they are better understood as ecofeminine than ecofeminist. They are, in fact, dangerous views from a genuinely feminist perspective." (Darion, 1999) The question here arises that what does one perceive about ecofeminism? What makes this philosophy so concrete that it stands as a complete concept which deals with its theoretical support or the political movement? Although there are significant differences between ecofeminism and feminism from which it has actually rooted, but all ecofeminist agree about certain things which are prominent in feminism. For instance, there is always a significant link between the dominant forces of nature and women, which is essential to understand three things that is feminism, philosophy of the environment and environmentalism. The

Heinrich's theories Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Heinrich's theories - Article Example Freud A. Manuele, the writer of this article reports that Heinrich’s law about the industrial accidents and its causes does not apply to the current situations and thinking. In his article He quotes work of different people who has worked on the same area. He is of the view that knowledge derived from those works seem to have been evolved in the aspects of how accidents take place and their contributing factors.Heinrich by calling him the ‘pioneer’ in the field of accident prevention and considering him to be the promoter of occupational safety and health. Though the article is about dislodging Heinrich’s law it also seems to appreciate his work to be the literature and background to the study which is the positive aspect to Heinrich’s work.This article continues with Heinrich, focusing on the negative aspects of his work by stating his work to be unsound and not valid because of the un- authentication of the kind of methodology and survey documents used by him for the analysis.The Article considers Heinrich’s work to be a non- researched work and makes a call that such work should not be used as a source, but the focus should be driven towards the current knowledge. He supports his view by quoting approved researches and work done on industrial accidents. For example he quotes Walton who is of the view that 85% of the problems in any operation are within the system and are dependably of management, while only 15% lie with the worker which is opposite to what Heinrich’s point of view.

Profiling And Investigating Serious Crimes Criminology Essay

Profiling And Investigating Serious Crimes Criminology Essay The attempt to locate an offender is one of the most important functions of a criminal investigation, geographic profiling is based on the assumption that victim selection is spatially biased toward an offenders home location. It will also explore the strengthens, weakness and the criticisms of geographic profiling. In order to do this it will critical analyse the theoretical underpinnings of geographical profiling, such as: rational activity theory; crime pattern theories. The rational activity theory is based on the idea that an offenders perceptions of the environment is very important in the decision making process. Is important to include the least effort principle, is based on the idea that an offender is more likely to act on the first or the closest opportunity. Crime pattern theory is based on the idea that an offender emphasizes the interaction of awareness of space or mental map of the spatial surroundings, and the distribution of suitable targets. According to Cohen and F elson (1979) this type of decision are not chosen randomly. This essay, will consider potential difficulties which may occur though the use of techniques in geographic profiling. It will also look at the use of statistical programmes to analyse spatial behaviour, and it will take into consideration the reliability, validity and utility of the application of this method. It will also exam the Rail Rapist case to illustrate how effective geographic profiling techniques it will be compared one of the best-known offender profiling failures in Britain which was the case of Rachel Nickell in 1992. According to Rossmo (1995, cited in Canter and Young, 2008, p.97) geographical profiling is a method through which target location patterns of serial violent offenders are used to establish spatial information about the offender, generally about the location of future offences or the offenders residence. Rossmos (1995, cited in Canter and Young, 2008) method of offender profiling tends to emphasize cases of serial nature only (i.e. murder, rape, arson, bombings). However, Ainsworth (2001, p.87) argues that: This technique will only be truly effective when the police have accurate data on each and every crime in a series. If not all crimes are recorded accurately, or are not recorded as having been committed by the same perpetrator, the technique will be much less useful. Geographic profiling can be seen as an outcome of environmental criminology, which tend to focus on how the perpetrators and their targets come across each other in time and space, this approach has little interest on the offenders motivations to engage in such activities (Bottoms and Wiles, 1992). Environmental criminology owes much to the concepts of social geography, particularly that of cognitive mapping; the process by which individuals learn about, remember and use knowledge about an area (Brantingham and Brantingham, 1984; Canter and Young, 2008). However, Rossmo (1999, p.88) indicates that this is not fully the case and proposes that: The representation is of the individuals subjective image of place (not a conventional map) and not only includes knowledge of features and spatial relationships but also reflects the individual preferences for attitudes towards places. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The product of this process, at any point in time, is a mental or cognitive map and can be shown cartographically as a perception surface. In this way individuals store subjective information about their spatial environment; every individual has their own mental map which is developed from their childhood to adult life, as they become more experienced the more extensive their internal map is going to be. Furthermore, most offenders prefer to carry out their activities in very familiar areas and through their routine daily activities, such as: where they work, friends and family homes, where they socialize, previous home address) individuals are likely to become very familiar with their neighbourhood, in this context an offender has to know well particular area before he decided to act (Rossmo, 1998). It is clear that some types of offences happen more often in certain places and at certain times. Furthermore, Cohen and Felson (1979) suggests that routine activity theory is based on the idea of that for a crime to be committed there must be a motivated offender, a suitable target and the absence of a suitable guardian against a violation. The implication is that, the manipulation of any of these elements will change peoples behaviour and also might prevent crime. Another factor which can strongly influence crime site choices is known by psychologists as the least effort principle or known by geographers as nearness principle. The principle of least effort, might suggest that people restrict their outputs of energy, both mental and physical, the minimum compatible with achieving his ends (Martinet, 1962, p.139). For example, people tend to go to nearby shops wherever possible, and they are less likely to visit relatives or friends that live far away, this is because of the time and effort involved in the journey from their own homes to their destination. However, if people have something in particular or special to buy they are willing to make an effort to go somewhere else to get it, even if that means travel longer than usual, the same principle applies to offenders they are also willing to travel longer distances, if the reward is greater. One of the strengths of crime place theories is that it can be easily used to assist police investigations, for example, Rossmo (1995) has suggested that a careful consideration of the exact location of a series of crime can be helpful in identifying the most likely area in which an offender lives or works. The aim of geographic profiling is not to give the specific identity of the offender; instead the aim is to narrow the field of the investigation and suggest the type of person who committed the crime (Douglas et al, 1986). Rossmos (1995) work established that a computer mapping system known as Criminal Geographic Targeting (CGT), which assesses the spatial characteristics of a crime based on these principles, could indicate the area in which a serial offender is likely to be living. Rossmo (1995) indicates that the crucial constants and exponents in the decay functions on which his software is built are empirically determined. The programme predictive power is related to the numb er of crime sites, and the more sites the better. However, Rossmo (1995) does not provide full information on what the empirical basis of this determination is nor does he make it clear if the same exponent is used in all calculations. As Turvey (1999) suggests, geographical profiling, like trait analysis or future crime prediction, relies heavily on a particular manifestation of behaviour for example, offence location selection) and attempts to infer meaning from the overall emotional context. He believes that, geographical profiling cannot differentiate between two similar offenders working in the same area and might wrongly allocate crimes to the wrong person. As an implication, it can make the Criminal Justice System ineffective. Therefore, this type of technique can be only truly effective when the police have an accurate data of each and every case of crime in series. To support Rossmos (1995) arguments of the success of geographic profiling, this essay it will exam at the case of John Duffy the so called railway rapist (cited in Ainsworth, 2001, p.9). Duff had committed a series of rapes and three murders in the Greater London area between 1983 and 1986, the police resources devoted to the task of solving these crimes were enormous, yet little real progress had been made in the hunt for the attacker. Psychologist Canter (1994) cited in Ainsworth (2001) was called in to aid the police investigation, Canter had little to go in terms of where to start, yet he used a number of psychological principles and sifted though the large amount of data collected by the police. He eventually, produced a profile of the sort of individual whom he felt the police should be looking for. Canter suggested that the attacker lived in the area near to area of first crime; probably live with a woman; in his mid to late 20s; right-handed; semi-skilled or skilled job with weekend work; great knowledge of railway; had previous criminal record (maybe arrested between October 1982 and January 1984). It turned out that the offender lived in the area suggested by Canter; aged late 20s; recently separated from his wife; right-handed; travelling carpenter employed by British Rail. Canter (1994), believes that through the crime essential clues are left behind and the unique personality of the offender shows through in some ways. Thus, it is thought that the way in which the crime is committed is in part a reflection of the everyday behaviour of the individual. Ainsworth (2001, p.95) points out, that considering the case of John Duffy, we can see how a detailed knowledge of the patterns of his crimes was helpful in understanding his behaviour. Canter (1994), was able to establish that the three first crimes formed a triangle within which he probably lived. In contradiction, one of the best-known offender profiling failures in Britain was the case of Rachel Nickell. Rachel Nickell was a young woman who was brutally murdered in mid-morning while walking on Wimbledon Common in south London in July 1992. As part of the investigation into the killing, a profile was commissioned from Paul Britton, a clinical psychologist (cited in Ormerod, 1995). A suspect was eventually identified and it was noted that he seemed to fit the profile well. An elaborate operation, drawing partly but not only on the profile, was put together in which a police woman befriended the socially isolated and inadequate suspect, offering the promise of an intimate relationship in exchange for descriptions of his sexual fantasies and a confession that he murdered the woman on the Common. The confession was not forthcoming, but he was still arrested. The case fell apart because of the lack of evidence and because the psychological profile did not work in this case. As an implication, geographical profiling involves objective measures, it still relies on individual interpretation, which makes it subject to the interpreters knowledge and expertise. The Duffy example shows that in some cases but not all, profiling can be beneficial, however it not right to assume that the results are always going to be successful in every single case. Holmes and Holmes believe that offender profiling tend to be more useful when there is a psychopathology involved, for example; a sadistic assault, and go even further by stating that: Profiling has three major goals. These attempt to provide the criminal justice system with information, especially; first, a social and psychological of the offender; second, a psychological evaluation of possessions found with suspected offenders; third, consultation with law enforcement officials on the strategies which might best be employed when investigating suspects. (Holmes and Holmes, 1999, p.156) It is very difficult to predict when a case is going to be successful or not, however even if a profiler proves to be fifty per cent correct, how can this be counted as success or failure? And what if any other information used in the investigation provided by a profiler it helps in catching a criminal is this considered successful?, even if the rest of the information provided have no use for the investigation? To conclude, this essay has provided relative information about how geographic offender profiling and criminal mapping have to offer to its practitioners. This idea of crime mapping it can be seen as relatively new, and have been only made possible thanks to the introduction of software programmes such as, Criminal Geographic Targeting (CGT), however some authors suggested that crime mapping is experiencing a large amount of interest among professional and academics. This essay considered how important the relationship between crime, space and time are which can be seen as strength or a criticism at the same time, because it moves away from the offender and focus in the location where crime occurs. However, as suggested in this essay, is very difficult to collect a complete accurate picture, this approach tends to rely on exact amount of data collected by the police, sometimes public may not report the crime accurately or not report it at all or even the police might also fail to record or even miss-record crime on its real location. Another criticism is that while geographical profiling involves objective measures, it still relies on individual interpretation, which makes it subject to the interpreters knowledge and expertise. It is clear that some offences happen more often in certain places and at certain times, and the way in which crime occur is rarely random, is important to have a better understanding of why offenders tend to offend in particular places at certain time. By examining the Railway Rapist case is obvious that a better understanding of patterns of his crime helped Canter to establish a profile, however is important to establish that geographic profiling is not always successful. The way in which individuals store subjective information about their spatial environment; every individual has their own mental map which is developed from their childhood to adult life, as they become more experienced the more extensive their internal map is going to be.

Should Trade Sanctions Be Stopped Essays -- essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SHOULD ALL TRADE SANCTIONS BE STOPPED? To most of the world, sanctions are a mixed blessing. On the one hand, they reinforce trade rules and promote respect for them. On the other hand, they tend to undermine the principles of free trade and provoke a kind of ‘trade envy’(Charnovitz) in other international organizations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Trade retaliation goes back quite a ways; we see examples of it in much of US law: -Antidumping Act of 1916, which has seen little use.(Charnovitz) -International Labor Organization, from the Treaty of Versailles 1919, which served as an international dispute system, but no economic measures were ever recommended until 2000, against Burma.(Charnovitz) -UN Security Council, which handles breaches of peace, only used sanctions 3 times between 1920-1990, but now uses them much more frequently.(Charnovitz)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To understand the difficulty I have agreeing with the suggestion that all trade sanctions must be stopped, I feel it is important to discuss some of the good, the bad, and the ugly involved with imposing sanctions. I’ll start my discussion with some of the good that comes from restricting trade, move into some of the negative affects, and summarize with improvements I feel could be made to this defunct system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first advantage that comes to mind about imposing trade sanctions would have to be the ability of the sanctioning government to let everyone know how pissed they are, make their own people relatively happy, and then move on. Although this may only be temporary.(Charnovitz)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Individual countries, especially major world powers, like to impose trade sanctions even when the probability of forcing a change in the target country’s policy is small. In addition to indicating a resolution and suggesting their disapproval to the direct wrong doer and to other countries, politicians may also want to pose for their own people.(Library of Economics) If you look at the example of the US, European, and British sanctions against South Africa as well as US, European, and Japanese sanctions against China in the wake of the Tiananmen Square massacre, you can see that these were specifically designed to put their own citizens at ease, to make a moral and historical statement, and to send a warning to f... ...t be a common ground. There are different circumstances for every case brought forth, some where sanctions seem to be the only course of action, and some where they seem to be the worst course of action. We need to learn how to take this effective bargaining tool, and use it to better our global trading community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   BIBLIOGRAPHY Chanovitz, Steve Rethinking WTO Trade Sanctions Social Science Research Network http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=256952 Elliott, Kimberly Evidence on the Costs and Benefits of Economic Sanctions Institute for International Economics http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/elliott1097.htm Library of Economics Lookup = Sanctions http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/Sanctions.html Schooland, Ken International Trade and Finance HPU Economics 3400, Lecture/Video on Panama. Weiss, Stanley A. Trade Sanctions are a Misused Tool International Herald Tribune Saturday, June 26, 1999 Yang, Jaiwan; Teegan, Hildy Both are Associate Professors for the Department of International Business at George Washington University US Economic Sanctions and Globalization: Economic Impact and Policy Implications http://www.gwu.edu

Causes of Lying

How many people can say that they have never lied? In all sincerity, there is no one that could confess that. â€Å"A lie is an untruth, a deviation, big or small, from what is known to be real. It is a false statement deliberately presented as being true, thus misrepresenting a situation or giving a totally wrong impression about something† (â€Å"Why people lie†). It’s a natural feeling to want to lie or omit the truth to get out of a difficult situation. Most of the time people are dishonest because they fear that telling the truth will get them in trouble. The main motives that cause people to lie are the attempts to avoid punishment, to seek attention, and to protect others feelings. One of the most common reasons that people â€Å"tweak† the truth is to avoid punishment. The consequences of our actions can sometimes be frightful and in order to cover up a certain incident we find it necessary to blame someone or something else. A good example would be telling a teacher the dog ate your homework. This person blamed the dog to get away with forgetting to do their worksheet; therefore, they avoided getting a zero for the assignment. If a guy sees an attractive woman walk by while he is on a date with his girlfriend, it is normal for him to want to get a better glance. At this point it is reasonable for his â€Å"sweetie† to question if he was staring and if so, why? Of course the boy was admiring the lovely lady’s beauty, but in order to avoid an argument or even a break up the young man simply explains how he only has eyes for his divine girlfriend. In order to stay out of trouble people must do what they have to stay in the clear. If that means another person has to face the cost of another peer’s action, well so be it. Another instance in which lying is quite popular is when individuals want to seek attention. Sometimes people just want to fit in and be accepted by their associates, but in order to do that they must provide false information. â€Å"It boils down to the shifting sands of the self and trying to look good both to ourselves and others, experts say† (Lloyd). Some people lie in order to make their life seem more interesting. Saying that you met a famous celebrity or exaggerating about a social outing can make any social life appear exciting. Most of us want to be the center of attention and in order to get there we must make up stories to capture our friends interest. When a person really likes someone they pretend to be a fan of everything that individual favors just to capture their attention. A lot of times people just want to be perfect and act as if they know everything. In the article â€Å"Why people lie† it says: A person applying for a job may claim proficiency in a certain field he's obviously not very good in because the job requirements state it as a prerequisite. Another such person may similarly claim expertise in a particular area for the sake of impressing his boss, or in hope of promotion. This is called lying to gain an advantage over other people. This is where someone wants to present themselves as a well rounded person to be more qualified for a position. Pretending to be some your not can only take someone so far until their busted. In some cases, what causes us to lie is the need protect other people’s feelings. Lying is usually intended to help ourselves out, but sometimes we do it to keep us from dragging others into our problems. The medical reports are in and it says you have been diagnosed with cancer. The easy thing to do is to tell friends and family about the illness to gain their support. Lately, the people who love you the most have been really stressed out with problems of their own. Since they are having such a difficult time, some may think it would be best to keep the illness a secret. When loved ones ask about the results of the exam you say everything is â€Å"okay†. Dragging others into things that they should not worry about isn’t necessary; it is better if we look after each other’s feelings. When Moms spend a whole day preparing a special meal for their family it sometimes doesn’t turn out so great, but we realize that they dedicated all their time into creating something everyone could enjoy, so we tell them the food was delicious. A common question asked by ladies is if a particular outfit makes them look fat. Although what they are wearing may make them come across as chubby, you say it looks sensational on them to spare them the grief. â€Å"The study, published in the Journal of Basic and Applied Psychology, found that 60 percent of people had lied at least once during the 10-minute conversation, saying an average of 2. 2 inaccurate things† (Lloyd). The truth is a rare thing to hear now and days, but it’s all in the purpose of creating less drama in our day to day lives. Everyone lies, it’s just another part of life, but behind every lie there is a purpose; whether it is to avoid getting a phone taken up or to make someone feel good. Many situations lead to one of these three causes of lying. Sometimes all people want is to protect themselves or to care for others with false reports. At the end of the day millions of individuals would have lied, but the world continues to revolve.

Dispositive

Dispositive Dispositive Dispositive By Maeve Maddox This use of the word dispositive in a letter to the editor in my morning paper left me puzzled: Religious dogma and scripture tend to be grab-bags out of which all kinds of often-contradictory points can be made by [whoever] wants to reach in, and who is to say which of them is dispositive? I think I know what the letter-writer meant by dispositive, but I can’t help wondering why he didn’t use a more familiar word when addressing a general audience. Dispositive as an adjective signifies the quality of â€Å"directing, controlling, or disposing of something.† In Scottish law, a â€Å"dispositive clause† is the clause of conveyance in a deed, by which the disposition of the property is expressed. In US law, a â€Å"dispositive motion† is a motion asking a for court order that entirely disposes of one or more claims in favor of the moving party without need for further court proceedings. A dispositive motion does not necessarily seek to dispose of the entire lawsuit. The most common types of dispositive motions are the motion to dismiss and the motion for summary judgment. A dispositive motion may also be used to request that an indictment be dismissed or quashed, or for judgment on pleadings. (uslegal.com) French philosopher Michel Foucault used dispositive (dispositif) as a noun to refer to â€Å"the various institutional, physical, and administrative mechanisms and knowledge structures which enhance and maintain the exercise of power within the social body.† A Google search brings up about 2,210,000 results for â€Å"dispositive.† Here is a sampling of usage: A variety of factors will inform each stage of our inquiry; the factors that we consider today do not constitute an exhaustive list of factors relevant to the mainstreaming issue. Moreover, no single factor is dispositive in all cases. Though the speech at issue concerned the subject matter of his employment, and was expressed within his office rather than publicly, the Court did not consider either fact dispositive, and noted that employees in either context may receive First Amendment protection.   The Chinese middle class, I argue, is a  dispositive  class.   To grasp the true character of this  dispositive  (theoretical fragments focused on the formulation of a  political  problem) and its effects, we must jump a step. Historicizing Security Entering the Conspiracy Dispositive The  Bible, and only the  Bible, is dispositive  for all Christians. If one cannot in a dispositive way show the non-existence of god, what does the atheists’ position mean? Dispositive is a useful and meaningful term in specialized contexts, but it seems to me that some speakers may be using dispositive when all they mean is authoritative or conclusive. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:4 Types of Gerunds and Gerund PhrasesEmail EtiquetteComma After Introductory Phrases

What Goes Well with Chicken Soup

What Goes Well with Chicken Soup Lots of writers ask me how to get published in the bestselling, â€Å"Chicken Soup for the Soul† book series. That’s because I’m very lucky to be a frequent contributor. In the past few years, they’ve published 40 of my stories.    Submitting is simple. You go to their website: www.chickensoup.com, fill in your name, address, etc., and then just paste your story. Authors receive $200 plus 10 books per story. CSS editors receive over 5,000 submissions per book. The editors want stories, not essays. I keep the term â€Å"a Chicken Soup moment† etched in my brain. At this point, I’m acutely aware of when I’m experiencing a Chicken Soup moment. Or notice that someone else is. I was reading a friend’s Facebook post. On her FB page, she posted a beautiful picture of a Christmas decoration she kept up all year and wrote, â€Å"I hung these three angels from my dining room chandelier at Christmas two years ago and they have never left.† Her caption for her picture: â€Å"Angels Watching Over Me.† The instant I saw that, I e-mailed her, suggesting that was a perfect Chicken Soup moment. Your life is filled with Chicken Soup moments. You just have to see them. Those moments do not need to be huge, as in a miraculous medical recovery. You can find them in the simplest of experiences. Although I have had stories accepted about my spinal cord injury, simpler topics have included: â€Å"The Appointment,† about my husband falling apart when our dog got groomed for the first time, â€Å"Little Things Matter,† about not celebrating Valentine’s Day because we didn’t want to bother, â€Å"My Husband is on a Diet† about family humor, â€Å"Mud-dling Through,† about how I stopped to help an old dog get up from a mucky sandbar. I’m seeing a slight trend of CSS accepting more humor, as well as just a tiny touch of edginess. In â€Å"Chicken Soup for the Soul: Shaping the New You,† my humor story has the following dialogue. Last night he screamed from the bathtub, â€Å"I’ve got it!† I called out from the den, â€Å"Geez Bob. I hate to think what you mean In another book, â€Å"Think Positive,† I tell a story involving my husband having x-rays. The technician forgot to remove whatever they call those things that are placed over nipples so that nipples don’t show up as suspicious spots on the films. I have this dialogue: â€Å"What are people going to think if you’re wearing nipple buttons?† I grabbed his nipples and started yanking. A year ago, I would have edited those parts out before submitting. Although the editors have published my reprints, as long as the columns ran in a very small venue, they prefer originals. I retain rights to my stories. However I do agree to give permission to CSS to use my story in various venues. That’s part of the contract. This works in my favor. My stories have appeared in www.beliefnet.com, which is a huge inspirational website. Several of my works have been picked up, also via CSS, Your chances of acceptance are increased if you submit something unique. You can predict the most common topics. A terrific writer/friend submitted a story about finishing his first marathon for the book: â€Å"Runners.† He didn’t get accepted. He’s such a great writer, but one’s first marathon was likely the topic of plenty of stories for that book. CSS editors prefer diversity, and your life is full of it, trust me.

Global Popularity of Brand Playboy Research Paper

Global Popularity of Brand Playboy - Research Paper Example The beginning of Playboy was seen in 1953 by owner Hugh Heffner, at that time known as ‘Stag.† The approach was to offer a magazine for men that included nude female models, journal articles and fiction. The first issue was focused on pictures of the celebrity, Marilyn Monroe and sold an average of 53,991 copies within a few weeks. From here, Hefner began to work with Eldon Sellers in Chicago for enhancing the trend of the magazine. To enhance this, the models were combined with the different components which added to the brand of Playboy, including the Playboy bunny, which was known for being placed in the magazine in a discreet area for men to find. The height of the magazine circulated into the 1970s as the main magazine with the specific content. After this time, pornographic videos, â€Å"Penthouse† and other magazines focused on specific audiences began to compete with the magazine. However, it continues to sell an average of 2.6 million magazines per month.T he intimacy of the magazine led to the development of merchandise, specifically because the magazine wasn’t able to produce the images outside of the magazine. The development of the playboy bunny was able to add into this image in the 1970s to lead to the popularity of the magazine. The merchandise includes t-shirts, caps, household items, cards, cosmetics, jewelry, mobile phone accessories, mugs and posters. However, the merchandise continued to be sold because it worked as a way of advertising the magazine and the overall ideology of the brand. Most of the merchandise grew in the 1980s and 1990s and was introduced globally, specifically to make a defined understanding of the brand name in relation to the magazines which were sold2. Current Condition of Playboy The merchandise which grew into an international brand not only went through a rising popularity. The Playboy brand was known for a continuous rise and fall in the amount of merchandise available to those interested in the brand. After the 1970s, the brand declined because of the other competitors which began to offer the same type of magazine and which combined other options for sales with the Playboy brand. This pushed Playboy into building the brand identity through the merchandise and allowed them to move back into popular rankings at a global level. Today, the concept of adult entertainment has been reinvented through the concept of Playboy, specifically because of the decline which occurred in the 1970s. The Playboy brand has built a stronger reputation with the use of technology and the Internet. At the same time, the merchandise which is available is growing in popularity. It is noted that this is linked specifically to the economic turns. When the economy was booming in the 1980s and 1990s, the magazine was popular and the merchandise worked as a brand identity. However, the downturn in the economy has led more to finding the merchandise and alternative Internet sources for the Playboy magazine. This exchange was combined with the understanding of the Playboy identity as well as what the cultural values and norms are in terms of the entertainment3. The current trends as well as the changes in the economy have

Discussion #3 STAT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion #3 STAT - Essay Example All one needs to find a course or topic is either visit the site overview, or browse the courses by departments. Advanced search is another option that can be used to find a particular topic. â€Å"Probability and Statistics in Engineering† is one of the courses offered by MIT which makes part of the curriculum of the Civil and Environmental Engineering. Topics discussed in depth in this course include but are not limited to fundamentals of probability, conditional distributions, hypothesis testing and Bayesian analysis. â€Å"Introduction to Probability and Statistics† is one such course offered by this website that is most closely related to what we have studied in the course as it gives an insight into the basics of probability and statistics. Topics in this course include basic models of probability, confidence intervals and linear regression. The best feature of this website is that the course content is supported with exams as well as their solutions. In this sense, this website is a complete online source of

A summative assignment based on the use a self analysis tool as a Essay

A summative assignment based on the use a self analysis tool as a Clinical Manager of an Acute Medical Ward - Essay Example Jung, its first publishing was done in 1921. The initial questionnaire that developed in into the MBTI Indicator was published 1962. The MBTI mainly focuses normal populations and emphasizes on naturally occurring differences that exist ( Capraro, 2002 p. 590). Origins of the theory Jung's theory publishing was done in 1921 and it was not tested or verified under the controlled studies scientifically but it included clinical observation and introspection as well as anecdote method which are inconclusive in the modern psychology which argue that for the theory to be published it must be studied scientifically. Validity of the theory The statistical validity of this theory and use of psychometric instrument (MBTI) has found criticism in many aspects. It has been argued that there lack critical scrutiny since most of the published material on this MBTI tool was for conferences. About a third or half have been estimated that material used were for the conferences or journals which were e dited by its advocates (Capraro, 2002, p.595). Researchers expected bimodal distribution on the peaks almost at the end of the scales but these scores on subscales individually were centrally peaked distributed which was the same as the normal distribution. At the center to subscale a cutoff existed in away that the one score is classified one type while the other as an opposite type. This does not support the concept of type. Reliability of the theory Interpreted reliability from the studies has indicated the test is low. Researchers found that thirty nine percent and seventy six per cent of the test is different types. CONCEPTS As the Manual states this indicator is designed for implementing a hypothesis or a theory. Therefore the hypothesis should be comprehended so as to understand the Myers Briggs Type Indicator. Theory of psychological type is fundamental to the Myers Briggs Type Indicator as originally it was developed by Jung. He proposed an existence of two cognitive functi oning dichotomous pairs: these are judging (rational) which has functions of feeling as well as thinking and perceiving (irrational) which has functions of intuition and sensing. These functions are in introverted form or extraverted form in expression. From this concept of Jung others such as Briggs and Myers came up with their own theory for psychological type and this became the base of MBTI (Capraro, 2002, p. 598). Jung's typological model regards left handedness or right handedness as similar to psychological type. This means that individuals may be born with or may develop a certain way of thinking and acting depending on preference. MBTI is on these psychological differences and put them into four pairs that are opposite to each other with 16 possible combinations psychological types. None of these psychological types are better or even worse than the other. But Briggs and Myers developed a theory that individuals prefer one combination overall with the type differences. In t his case, writing using the left hand may be hard for a right handed people

Classroom Management Essay Example for Free

Classroom Management Essay Classroom management and discipline are two very important building blocks in a successful classroom. Setting rules and expectations for students has many positive benefits. Not only will students feel more comfortable in a stable well managed classroom, they will also learn more because there will be less distractions. Students in a classroom that are well managed will also retain the information for longer periods of time rather than just for the moment to make a good grade. Teachers want more than anything for their students to learn life skills that they can carry on with them into the future. Teachers want their classrooms to be a place that students look forward to attending to learn and feel safe and relaxed. In any classroom teachers want there to be mutual respect among teacher and students. In a classroom everything is to be organized and in its place, this will make it easy to move on from one subject or activity to the next without distractions. Colorful classrooms will make a fun and inviting environment for all kinds of students. Teachers should not want to have bland classrooms that bring the mood down with nothing fun or happy to look at. A classroom where students run wild and do whatever they want will not work for teachers or students. Many time school is not taken as seriously as it should be especially in younger grade levels, these are the years that form the minds of children, and their experiences in the classroom will have an effect of how they form into young adults. Most believe that all students have the want to learn. Fourth grade is about the time that students start paying more attention to their peers and surroundings. All students want to feel that they belong and be in an environment that they feel comfortable in. Therefore as a teachers it is their job to make sure that attention is paid to what the students are telling teachers even if they are not saying it out loud, and also to make sure that they are helped to learn not only what is written in the books, but also help them to learn about themselves. Section 2: Positive Climate A classroom is a place where teachers want students to love to be. First and most importantly all classrooms will have a set of rules and expectations that will be followed by teachers as well as students. If teachers do not set a good example in their classrooms, rules set for students will not be successful. The desks should be lined up in perfect rows making it easy to navigate around them, and give the students plenty of personal space. All the colors of the rainbow in a classroom make it a happy bright place. There will be posters on the walls with fun facts for students to read, along with classroom rules and expectations. A section full of pillows for students to relax and read, along with a section for games and group activities are positive spaces to have in a classroom. A great classroom will allow students to explore and learn on their own as well. As students are welcomed into the classroom, they will be met at the door with a happy smiling face and an excited positive attitude. The students will be allowed to find their desks, which will have their names on them, which will in that instance give them a sense of belonging. There will be games played on the first day to lighten the mood and help everyone get to know one another. Section 3: Rules, Consequences, and Procedures. The rules that will be established in a classroom should not be large in number. They will be rules that will keep the classroom running smoothly and keep students happy and respecting the teacher as well as their peers. With a solid easy to understand set of rules a teacher should expect that there will be a positive outcome. Starting with the first day of class rules and consequences will be established with all students. This information will be posted on the wall so that students can always see the rules to be reminded of what is expected of them. These rules and consequences are not to be used to make students afraid or uncomfortable, it’s so they will be shown and explained in a positive way, maybe even by playing a game to lighten the fact that there are rules that must be followed at all times. Rules: 1. Show respect to yourself as well as others 2. Keep hands and feet to yourself 3. Pay attention and follow directions 4. Raise your hand before speaking in class and use your indoor voice 5. Be prepared to learn Consequences There is a consequence to students’ actions whether it be a positive or negative one. Every week there will be a new chart made by the students with their names and five spaces for each day of the week, by allowing the students to make the charts themselves it gives them a way to express themselves and individuals. During the week their behaviors will be monitored and they will receive red dots for good and blue dots for bad behavior, at the end of the week the person with the most red dots will get a special treat. All the other students who have red dots will have a down time to read or play games. Students with blue dots will have to sit at their desks and go over the lesson or read silently, and not chat with their peers. If behavior is bad throughout the week and is becoming a habit the student will be taken aside and talked to. Not in a negative way but in a way to try and figure out what the teacher and student can do as a team to make the situation better. Make sure to ask the student if they may have a solution for the problem at hand. Procedures: 1. Restroom – ask, take bathroom pass, wash hands before returning to class. 2. Asking questions – raise hand and wait to be called upon 3. Turning in work – when work is complete quietly walk to the front of the room and put assignment in correct bin. 4. Needing help – place the red dice on the top of your desk and teacher will come to help with questions. 5. Changing activities – replace all materials being used, move back to desk and get materials ready for next assignment. Section 4: Specific Discipline Procedures or Measures Preventing bad behavior in the classroom may seem impossible, but in all honesty it may be attainable. If teachers keep a well managed classroom and their behaviors shadow the expectations that are given to the students, good behavior will be the outcome. By having all rules and expectations in an area where all students can see them, they will be reminded of them and be more likely to follow them. By having consequences for good and bad behavior this will help students to practice good behavior because they will already know the outcome of their actions. All desks will be facing the teachers desk so that they can see the teacher at all times. Keeping them in straight rows will also help students in keeping their hands and feet to themselves because they will all have adequate room. The white board where assignments are written, and the board with their behavior charts will be at the front of the class as well so they may see them at all times also. To help students who misbehave the teacher should take the time out to speak to the student in a one on one setting, giving the student the chance to explain themselves, and maybe express why they are behaving the way they are, and what steps they think they may need to take to fix the problem at hand. Teachers should not act as if they know what the problem is and how it should be fixed without giving the student a chance to speak as well. Good behaviors should be acknowledged as well, do not only focus on the bad. After speaking with the student take steps to help with behavior by asking the student how they are doing and if there is anything more you can do to help. If behavior continues to be bad, maybe taking a step for after school one on one time should be used to further access the problem. If a student violates school board policy, state regulations, or criminal laws steps outside of classroom discipline will have to be put into motion. If a student ever breaks any of these rules, school officials as well as the students parents will be called and actions will then be taken to fix the situations. Section 5: Approach to Discipline Personally I prefer Ginotts’ approach to discipline. I like the fact that he thinks the student should have the chance to express their opinion in the situation. By the teacher showing respect for the student and their thoughts I think this would be a very good approach because you gain the respect and trust from the student by showing them the same. There are times that I know that I am correct in a given situation, but I do not like to act as if I know everything; I like to give the other person a chance to make their case and explain why they feel the way they do. As I person I do not like to make people feel foolish so I respect every opinion and give mine in a nice respectful way. That is why I think that Ginott’s style fits my personality.

Comparing Bill Gates And Steve Jobs

Comparing Bill Gates And Steve Jobs William (Bill) H. Gates: The chairman and chief executive officer of Microsoft Corporation, the worlds leading software firm. Born on Oct. 28, 1955, he grew up in Seattle with his two sisters, his father, William H, Gates II, is a Seattle lawyer and his mother, Mary Gates was a school teacher in University of Washington regent and she was also the Chair women of United Way International. At the age of 13, Bill Gates wrote his first program to play farmer-chess. The computer he used was big, heavy and very slow, he was very obsessed with this computer as it did not have a screen, so to view who had won they had to run over to the big printer and they used to look at the score. It would have taken only 30secs if they have done it on paper, where as it would take almost the whole lunch time if they had done it on computer. Bill handled to set up an arrangement with the computer owners, that he would get free computer-time which has been designed for parents. Using this is simple, with few steps of instructions you can set up limits for children. At this time Bill met Paul Allen, who became his business partner for rest of his life. They both started a small company called Traf-o-Data, they sold small computer equipment with their program which can count traffic for the city. Even though this company wasnt a big success but they earned some money and good business skills. In 1973, Bill entered Harvard university as a freshman, where now he became the Microsofts chief executive officer, he developed a vision of the programming language BASIC for the first computer. In his junior he left Harvard and in 1975, he started his new company along with his childhood friend Paul Allen, his main belief was that the computer would be the valuable tool on every desktop and in every home, they started to began new software and he started to improve those software technology by making it easier, cheaper and more fun for the people to use computers. Gates foresight and his vision for personal computing have been the success in Microsoft and the software industry. Later Bill started to search for business opportunities in programming, so he left Harvard which turned him into a multibillionaire. Even becoming very rich, he drives himself in a normal family car to work and he also flies a coach. Figure 2: Microsoft Windows roadmap Bill Gates made an operative system called MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operative System), which he sold to IBM. Gates then convinced IBM to give up the specifications of the secret design in an open system for its personal computer, so that the other software makers can easily build this software, to understand how actually this operating system functions. More than 100 companies where eagerly to be IBM-compatible, which obtained licenses for MS-DOS quickly making operating system a major tool for personal computers. Conclusion: One of the reason why Bill Gates is so successful is that he did not underestimate himself, he always believed on himself. Its very interesting to know that even with all that money, he drives himself in a normal family car to work and he also flies a coach. Bill Gates said to his teacher that before he reach thirty he would become a millionaire which he made it. His family when he was born, his family found a million-dollar trust fund for him. Without his fund i guess he would not have gone to Harvard. Steve Jobs: Technology Entrepreneur, Co-founder, Chairman and CEO of Apple Inc. Born on February 24, 1955, in San Francisco, California. As an infant, Steven was adopted by Clara and Paul Jobs and named Steven Paul Jobs. Paul was a Coast Guard veteran and machinist and Clara worked as an accountant. Steven and his father used to work in their garage on electronics. In 1972 Jobs was graduated from high school and registered in Reed college in Portland, Oregon. After six months Jobs was dropped out from the Reed and he spent one year roaming around the campus attending the classes in Philosophy and engaged himself with values and lifestyles in opposition to those of the established culture. In 1974, Jobs worked as a video game designer in Atari, Inc., a pioneer in electronic arcade recreation. He was not interested in creating electronics, he was interested in marketing electronic products. So he started to plan and he convinced Wozniak to work along with him to build a personal computer. So firstly they planned to get money to start their own company. So Jobs sold his Volkswagen bus and Wozniak sold his scientific calculator, overall they got  £1300 and also got some credit from the local suppliers, with this bit they started their fist production line. Steven convinced Wozniak to quit his job in Hewlett-Packard and made him to join him as a vice president in charge of research and development of his new company. He named his new company as Apple in memory of happy summer in Oregon jobs, where he spent his time as a worker. Jobs and Wozniak have earned a lot with their revolutionized technology, by making the machines to cheaper, intuitive, smaller and accessible to everyday consumers. Figure 3: Steve Jobs and Wozniak They have conceived a series of personal computers which are user -friendly, which they marketed each for $666.66. Apple I was there first model, which earned them $774,000. After three years, Apple II was their second model, which increased their sales to 700 percent to $139 million. Apple Computer became a publically traded company with $1.2 billion of market value that too on the first day of trading. John Scully of Pepsi-Cola who is marketing expert, helped to fill the job role for Apples. However, there were significant design defects in several next launched Apple products, which made the consumers disappointment and resulting in recalls. John Scully thought that this might be Jobs was hurting Apple and also the executives started to phase him out. Jobs resigned as Apples CEO in 1985 and he started a new software and hardware company called NeXT, Inc. In the same year Jobs purchased an animation company from George Lucas, which was later named as Pixar Animation Studios. Jobs invested $50 million from his own money by believing in Pixars future. Pixar Studios started producing wildli popular animation films such as Finding Nemo, The Incredibles and Toy Story. Pixars films have netted $4 billion. In 2006, the studio merged with Walt Disney, making Steve Jobs Disneys largest shareholder. Despite the success of Pixars, NeXT, Inc. struggled to sell their specialized operating system to the mainstream America. In 1997, Apple brought the company for $429 millions. Jobs returned in the same year as Apple CEO after several years outside the company. Jobs understood that Apple needed to focus on its core competency, like designing easy-to-use and engaging hardware and software products. He immediately revamped the product line by modernizing the Mac operating system and providing Apple computers with new internet capabilities. In addition he started to outsource manufacturing operations to specialized high tech manufacturing companies, primarily located in Asia. In order to get close to the customers Jobs next initiative was to launch the Apple Online store to sell products directly to customers over the Internet. Jobs revolutionary products such as iMac, stylish designs and effective branding campaigns again caught the thoughts of consumers and which attracted the people to go for it. Recently Apple has launched some of the ingenious products such as iPhone, Macbook Air and iPod, which have charged the evolution of modern technology. All the competitors were scramble to produce comparable technologies, when every time Apple releases a new one. Apples quarterly report in 2007, were the most impressive statistics to date. A record breaking stocks worth  £199.99 a share, and the company profit of $1.58 billion surplus in the bank with zero debt. Figure 4: Apple Roadmap iTunes has become the 2nd biggest retailer in America. With six billion songs downloaded and 200 million iPods sold, Apples half of the revenue comes from iTunes and iPods sales. Americas most admired companies has been given No. 1 to Apple and also No. 1 amongst Fortune 500 companies for returns to shareholders. Conclusion: The PC industry has evolved in the past decades. They are proprietary, open structure and internet PC. The interaction of Politic, Economic, Social and Technology forces create a turbulent and complex environment. In addition, the interaction between 5 competitive forces, create environment for Apple very competitive and hard to survive. Apple past ignorance of environmental change made Apple losing market share. Now, as environmental change dynamically, Apple responded by adapting its business model and strategy in order to struggle for survive. Comparison between Steve Jobs of Apple and Bill Gates of Microsoft: On 24th of February 1955, Steve Jobs born in Green Bay, Wisconsin, he is best know as the co-founder CEO of Apple Computer and somewhat less so for his leadership of Pixar which is a computer animation studio. On the other hand, on the 28th of October 1955, Bill Gates born in Seattle, Washington, he is married to Melinda French Gates and has three children. Bill Gates is the co-founder and current Chairman and Chief Software Architect of Microsoft. Both started their careers almost at the same time and within the same industry. They are no doubt two of the most wealthy and successful men in the PC industry. Steve Jobs is a technological leader and true creative thinker while Bill Gates is the opportunity seeker. The rivalry and competition between Gates and Jobs has become one of the most fascinating and brave in the American business industry. In the end both men are well-known and admire by many. Although each company has its own philosophy, there is a slight difference between Apples and Microsofts philosophies because each philosophy has a different aim. Microsofts philosophy is A computer on every disk in every house, running Microsoft software which is more focused and concerned about running their own software in every computer. As for Apples philosophy, it is Make computers accessible to everyone and make it very easy to use and that is more concerned about making their computers being easy to access and making it as easy as they can for everyone else to use. Figure 5: Steve Jobs and Bill Gates at the fifth D: All Things Digital conference (D5) in 2007 They both co-founded and their established companies along with another person. Apple, it was co-founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak who is credited with begin the entry of computers into private homes and he also wrote most of the software that Apple ran. As for Microsoft it was co-founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen who dropped out of Washington State University to pursue his and Bill Gates dream of writing software commercially for the new personal computers. However, In November 2000 Paul Allen resigned from his position on the Microsoft board. Bill Gates first achievement was the development of a programming language called BASIC for the Altair computer which is the first commercially successful personal computer. As for Steve Jobs, his first big achievement was Apple II which was the most popular and best selling personal computer of its time. There is a difference between their first achievements because Microsoft first development was software whereas Apples first product was hardware. Both Bill Gates and Steve jobs are extremely good at taking in good ideas, and developing them and making them into a successful product. This mostly because they are not at all afraid of taking any risks and try very hard even if they do not always get it right the first time. An example for this would be MS-DOS for Microsoft and an example for apple would be The Lisa and the Page Maker. Bill Gates has two books written by him, these books called Business At The Speed of Thought and The Road Ahead. In addition to that, he also has books written about him like Bill Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire. On the other hand, Steve Jobs does not have any books written by him but there were books written about him like The Second Coming of Steve Jobs and Steve Jobs and The NeXT Big Thing. No matter how much conflict or competition, both Bill Gates and Steve jobs achieved a huge amount of success in their own way. They had similarities between them such as co-founding their companies along with another person, Steve Jobs co-founded Apple with Steve Wozniak and Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen. They were also similar at taking in idea and developing them without being afraid of facing any risks. Aside from these similarities, Bill Gates and Steve Jobs also had some differences between them, these differences include the fact that both of their companies Microsoft and Apple have their own different and unique philosophy with different aim. Also their first achievements differ because Microsofts first achievement BASIC was software whereas Apples first achievement Apple II was hardware. Bill Gate also had 2 books written by him in addition to books written about him but Steve Jobs didnt have the skills to write any books, there were only books written ab out him by other people.