Greek Mythology to Rational Pre-Socratic Philosophy

This is meant as a general introduction to Pre-Socratic philosophy. Specifically, you should see how Pre-Socratic philosophy emerged as a new way to explain the world anddiffered dramatically from what came before. There are various Greek myths to explain the origins of the universe and of man. Three generations of immortal creatures vied for power. The first were personifications of such things as Earth and Sky, whose mating produced land, mountains, and seas. One Greek mythological concept of man tells of an earlier, happier time -- a Greek Garden of Eden What Came Before? Mythology ... which didnt die just because alternatives showed up. Like Pre-Socratic philosophy would soon do, mythology also explained the world, but it provided supernatural explanations for the universe and creation. The basic theme of mythology is that the visible world is supported and sustained by an invisible world. - Joseph Campbell Playing the Human World as if a Giant Chessboard Okay. You caught me. There is an old movie from the 70s on a topic from Greek mythology that shows the gods and goddesses playing with the lives of the mortal heroes and damsels in distress as actual pawns on a cosmic chessboard, but the image works. Hollywood aside, some Greeks thought unseen gods manipulated the world from their perches on Mt. Olympus. One god(dess) was responsible for grain, another for the seas, another for the olive, etc. Mythology made guesses about important things that people wanted to, but couldnt see. Early philosophers also made guesses about this unseen universe. The Change to Philosophy: The early Greek, Pre-Socratic philosophers attempted to explain the world around them in more natural terms than those who relied on mythological explanations that divided the labor among human-looking (anthropomorphic) gods. For example, instead of anthropomorphic creator gods, the Pre-Socratic philosopher Anaxagoras thought nous mind controlled the universe. Is That Really Philosophy? Philosophy Science (Physics) Such an explanation doesnt sound much like what we think of as philosophy, let alone science, but the Pre-Socratics were early philosophers, sometimes indistinguishable from natural scientists. This is an important point: philosophy and science/physics werent separate academic disciplines. Philosophy Ethics and the Good Life Later, philosophers turned to other topics, like ethics and how to live, but they didnt give up on their speculation about nature. Even at the end of the Roman Republic, it would be fair to characterize ancient philosophy as both ethics and physics [Roman Women, by Gillian Clark; Greece Rome, (Oct. 1981)]. Periods of Greek Philosophy The Greeks dominated philosophy for about a millennium, from before c. 500 B.C. to A.D. 500. Jonathan Barnes, in Early Greek Philosophy, divides the millennium into three parts: The Pre-Socratics.The period is known for its schools, the Academy, Lyceum, Epicureans, Stoics, and Skeptics.The period of syncretism begins approximately 100 B.C. and ends in A.D. 529 when the Byzantine Roman Emperor Justinian forbade the teaching of pagan philosophy. There are other ways to divide the Greek philosophers. The About.com Guide to Philosophy says there were 5 Great Schools - The Platonic, Aristotelian, Stoic, Epicurean, and Skeptic. Here were following Barnes and talking about those who came before Plato and Aristotle, the Stoics, Epicureans, and Skeptics. The First Philosophical Solar Eclipse This, Barnes first period, begins with Thales alleged prediction of a solar eclipse in 585 B.C. and ends in 400 B.C. Philosophers of this period are called Pre-Socratic, somewhat misleadingly, since Socrates was a contemporary. Some argue that the term philosophy inaccurately limits the sphere of interest of the so-called Pre-Socratic philosophers. Is Students of Nature a Better Term? Students of nature, the Pre-Socratics are credited with inventing philosophy, but they didnt work in a vacuum. For instance, knowledge of the eclipse -- if not apocryphal -- may have come from contact with Babylonian astronomers. The early philosophers shared with their predecessors, the mythographers, an interest in the cosmos. Where Does Stuff Come From? Parmenides was a philosopher from Elea (west of mainland Greece, in Magna Graecia) who probably was an older contemporary of the young Socrates. He says that nothing comes into being because then it would have come from nothing. Everything that is must always have been. Myth Writers vs the Pre-Socratic Philosophers: Myths are stories about persons.Pre-Socratics looked for principles or other natural explanations. Myths allow a multiplicity of explanations.Pre-Socratics were looking for the single principle behind the cosmos. Myths are conservative, slow to change.To read what they wrote, you might think the aim of the Pre-Socratics was to knock down earlier theory.Myths are self-justifying.Myths are morally ambivalent.-From The Attributes of Mythic/Mythopoeic Thought Philosophers sought a rational order observable in the natural phenomena, where mythographers relied on the supernatural. Pre-Socratics Denied a Distinction Between Natural Supernatural: When the Pre-Socratic philosopher Thales (of eclipse fame) said all things are full of gods, he wasnt so much singing the swan song of mythographers or rationalizing myth. No, he was breaking new ground by, in Michael Grants words, ... implicitly denying that any distinction between natural and supernatural could be legitimately envisaged. The most significant contributions of the Pre-Socratics were their rational, scientific approach and belief in a naturally ordered world. After the Pre-Socratics: Aristotle and So Forth: With the philosopher Aristotle, who valued evidence and observation, the distinction between philosophy and empirical science began to appear.Following the death of Alexander the Great (a student of Aristotles), the kings who divvied up and ruled his empire began to subsidize scholars working in areas, like medicine, that would do them some good.At the same time, the philosophical schools of the Stoics, Cynics, and Epicureans, that were not interested in empirical science, took hold.Michael Grant attributes the separation of science and philosophy to Strato of Lampsacus (successor of Aristotles successor, Theophrastus), who shifted the focus of the Lyceum from logic to experiment. Pre-Socratics May Have Been Rational But They Couldnt Possibly All Be Right: As Barnes points out, just because the Pre-Socratics were rational, and presented supportive arguments, doesnt mean they were right. They couldnt possibly all be right, anyway, since much of their writing consists in pointing out inconsistencies of their predecessors paradigms. Sources: Jonathan Barnes, Early Greek PhilosophyMichael Grant, The Rise of the GreeksMichael Grant, The Classical GreeksG.S. Kirk and J.E. Raven, The Presocratic PhilosophersJ.V. Luce, Introduction to Greek PhilosophyThe Attributes of Mythopoeic Thought​ Related Resources: Presocratic PhilosophyPythagoras of SamosEpicureansStoics

Business plan evaluation Essay - 726 Words

Adorable Pet Photography MGT/401 Introduction Adorable Pet Photography (APP) is a sole proprietorship company that promises to capture memorable pet pictures for their clients. I have chosen APP from the Business Plan Pro software’s sample database to consider it for investment purposes. The following evaluation will explain my intent to invest in APP based on the overall writing of the business plan, feasibility of the plan, and the competencies needed by the entrepreneur to be successful. Writing Evaluation Adorable Pet Photography’s business plan is overall well written. The entrepreneur has adequately portrayed the company’s goals, how he intends to meet those goals, qualifications, and assets. The plan is†¦show more content†¦The business plan states APP will be a part time business at first until it grows a large enough client base to fund a full time effort. It also claims that it will provide consistent quality products at a competitive price with an emphasis on customer satisfaction and flexible hours. Though there are many positive points to consider when assessing the feasibility of APP, there are a few concerns too. I would like more information on how APP plans to offer flexible hours to clients while at the part-time capacity. If the part-time schedule of APP is to accommodate another job or income source, I would like an explanation of how the two schedules will not interfere. Another concern to address is plans and funding for futu re equipment. The owner states that he owns all of his own equipment but photography technology changes quickly. Does he intend to keep up with the latest equipment to meet the expectations of his clients? Where will the funding for new equipment come from and how often does he plan to upgrade? Will he be replacing cameras and other hardware? What about photo editing software and the computers to run them on? Overall I find Adorable Pet Photography’s business plan and goals to be feasible. There are a few follow up questions and concerns, but a meeting with the owner should clear those up. Conclusion Adorable Pet Photography has done a good job with their business plan. It isShow MoreRelatedBusiness Plan Evaluation3487 Words   |  14 PagesBusiness Plan Evaluation: Zara Restaurant Lounge (Revision) After completing my first evaluation of Zara’s business plan I could not help but feel that I had missed something in my analysis. It was over the next week that I realized that I had failed to thoroughly evaluate the plan. At a glance, I thought the Zara concept was intriguing and as a bonus, aligned with my own dream to open a restaurant. I wanted to believe in the plan so much that I missed its weaknesses. 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Capstone Analysis Free Essays

Cybercafà © Is defined as any crime that Is conducted Vela the Internet or another computer network. When It comes to cybercafà © It Is very easy for someone to fall volt to It. We use computers for everything: searching the Internet, shopping. We will write a custom essay sample on Capstone Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Accessing our bank accounts, email, and online gaming are some examples. Communication is faster and much more reliable than in the past which has allowed more to be accomplished in any given day. The problem is just like anything else: vulnerability. There are individuals that hack into computers as well as networks of businesses and government agencies. The problem is that sensitive data can be stolen and/or destroyed. There needs to be more focus on the security of computers and the internet. Regular stories featured in the media on computer crime include topics covering hacking to viruses, web hackers, to internet pedophilia, sometimes accurately portraying events, sometimes misconceiving the role of technology in such activities. The increase in cybercafà © has been documented in the news media. Both the increase in the incidence of criminal activity and the possible emergence of new varieties of criminal activity pose challenges for the legal system, as well as for law enforcement. Some of the things I do to try and prevent falling victim to cybercafà © is keeping the latest version of virus software on my computers. Using strong passwords that only my family knows. I do not fall prey to online offers of things like ere TV’s, or you have won $1,000. In general, I feel that in this day and age you really need to be aware of your surrounding and that also includes the cyber world. By Sabina-Fazing Cybercafà © is defined as any crime that is conducted via the Internet or another computer network. When it comes to cybercafà © it is very easy for someone to fall victim to it. We use computers for everything; searching the internet, shopping, more to be accomplished in any given day. The problem is Just like anything else; How to cite Capstone Analysis, Papers

Rounds Transformational Leadership Approach -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Rounds Transformational Leadership Approach? Answer: Introduction I believe transformational servant its focus on the organization and then follower commitment is driven from leaders character. At the same time, you may find that transformational servant leadership ranks organization objectives below followers. In my view, operations objectives is rated as subordinate outcome (Muthia Krishnan, 2015). Transformational servant work with or against organization mandates This style work with organizational mandate because it shapes people to be the best. In my opinion, this is contributed by relationships built and means of communication to all those held responsible for that organization. The style of leadership creates people to something better. Consequently, the leadership copes well with mandates of the organization. However, I criticize the leadership type to work with organization mandates. This is because, transformational servant leadership cannot fit all challenges of the organization (Muthia Krishnan, 2015). Therefore, sometimes failures in relation to company objectives might occur since the leadership wont address all problems. In terms of compatibility, yes I support they are compatible. Reason is because they offer framework which is conceptual for leadership which is dynamic (Manss, 2017). Role of transformational servant leadership in building Chinese culture This style of leadership has led to building of culture in many countries. My area of concern based on this is about the Chinese culture. For example, link between Chinese context voice behavior and servant leadership. Through this linkage, people will be motivated to join voice behavior (Manss, 2017). Followers respond by offering advice and suggestions. Therefore, through this suggestions and views from followers, culture will be built since people are free to hire their grievances (Muthia Krishnan, 2015). How to influence other departments to implement transformational servant leadership In order to influence any department for strategic change, the firms culture must be aligned. To implement this successfully is hard task. However, people might change their behavior from their role models (Normore Erbe, 2013). If the behavior of the role models has positive impacts and its appreciated through rewards, then they will change their responsibilities. (Manss, 2017). In influencing firms or organizations, personally have tried. This happened through complying with different cultures and management them. I interacted with people in different key jobs, those receiving positive feedbacks from their performances, and what affects people as they do they work in different places within the department (Normore Erbe, 2013). Through this I was able to make them extract some skills and knowledge from me which was essential in implementing. Impact of implementing transformational servant leadership I have seen many implications brought about by transformational servant leadership. For example change, achievement, team building and satisfaction. Transformational servant leader assists every member to contribute in relation to unique skills they posse. Team will be united and hence achievement is promised since everyone works to their best ability. Among the firms have come across with, if they put in practice this style then vision is established. In line with members viewpoints, goals and mission of the firm is determined. When everyone views are considered, satisfaction of employees is guaranteed. Workers satisfaction leads to improvement because their needs are valued. (Normore Erbe, 2013). Conclusion In my conclusion, finance should implement this style of leadership. This is because transformational leadership has many advantage like giving employees freedom to make decisions an act which will contribute to success and fulfillment of the mandates. References Manss, G. (2017). Implementation of Daily Senior Leader Rounds Using a Transformational Leadership Approach. nursing Leader,15(1), 65-69. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2016.08.012 Muthia, A., Krishnan, V. (2015). Servant Leadership and Commitment: Role of Transformational Leadership.International Journal on Leadership,3(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.21863/ijl/2015.3.1.002 Normore, A., Erbe, N. (2013).Collective efficacy. Bingley, business-law.: Emerald